Debate Over Electoral Reform Heats Up in Somalia Amid Ongoing Al-Shabaab Threat

MOGADISHU, Somalia — Amid heightened security concerns due to operations by the militant group al-Shabaab, Somalia's political landscape is witnessing a vigorous debate over electoral reform. The controversy centers on whether to continue with indirect elections or shift to a universal suffrage system for the 2026 elections.

Somali leaders convened at the presidential palace for the second time this month to discuss national security and electoral changes, but the proposed reforms face significant opposition from key Federal States - Jubaland and Puntland, as well as various political parties. Ahmed Madobe, the leader of Jubaland, has publicly rejected the idea of Villa Somalia of extending terms for Federal and State leaders and changing the constitution illegally and unilaterally. 

President Hassan Sheikh has pushed for a "one-person, one-vote" system, a stance that has sparked accusations of hypocrisy from critics who recall his opposition to similar reforms during previous administrations. The debate has also highlighted divisions among Somalia's federal member states, with some supporting the president's vision while others, notably absent from recent talks, express skepticism or outright opposition.

This internal political strife occurs as Somalia grapples with ongoing security threats from al-Shabaab, which continues to execute attacks and control significant rural areas. The group's operations not only challenge the government's authority but also complicate the logistics of holding nationwide elections, with security being a paramount concern.

The discussions on electoral reform come at a critical juncture as Somalia aims to transition from the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) to fully Somali-led security operations, a process that experts warn could be destabilized by political infighting.

The debate over how Somalia should vote next reflects broader tensions regarding governance, federalism, and security, with implications for the country's fragile path towards stability and democratic governance.

Observers note that while electoral reform could be a step towards greater democratic legitimacy, the current divisiveness might further strain national cohesion, especially under the shadow of al-Shabaab's persistent insurgency.

GAROWE ONLINE